Scientists discover new way to measure turbulence of large planets and exoplanets

The swirls, eddies, and wavy bands of Jupiter and Saturn may remind us of a soothing, starry, starry night--but they reveal these two gas giants to be stormy, turbulent places. The turbulence produces energy cascades, a non-linear transfer of energy between different scales of motion. These are as fundamental to understanding planetary dynamics as the cardiovascular system is to understanding the human body.